动作虽发生在过去,但结果、状态留到现在。常无具体过去时间点。
I have lost my keys, so I can't get into the house now.
我把钥匙弄丢了,所以现在进不了家门。
China has built the world's largest high-speed rail network, so travel between cities has become much faster.
中国已建成世界最大的高铁网,城际出行因此快了许多。(结果留到现在)
打印 PDF:目标选「另存为 PDF」→ 纸张 A4 → 勾选「背景图形」→ 取消「页眉和页脚」(勿带出文件路径与日期)。
Steven's Class
Present Perfect
第 1–12 页课堂同步填空 · 课后背诵附录
课堂同步说明:本讲按「定义 → 判定 → 迁移 → 纠错」推进。教师讲到哪一页,学生同步完成该页填空;每页最后 1 题为“总结句”,用于当堂口头复述与板书回扣。
| 课堂页码 | 核心任务 |
|---|---|
| 第 1 页 | 建立现在完成时学习地图与三大用法框架 |
| 第 2 页 | 复习一般过去时,区分 V2 与 V3 |
| 第 3 页 | 掌握 have / has + 过去分词构成 |
| 第 4 页 | 理解结果、经历、持续三大用法 |
| 第 5 页 | 掌握 already / yet / just / ever / never |
| 第 6 页 | 运用 Have you ever… 口语问答 |
| 第 7 页 | 写作:already / yet 并列表达 |
| 第 8 页 | 掌握 for / since / How long |
| 第 9 页 | 与一般过去时对比判定 |
| 第 10 页 | 瞬间动词转延续动词 |
| 第 11 页 | 翻译仿写迁移 |
| 第 12 页 | 微阅读收官与自检 |
1. 现在完成时(Present Perfect):have / has + 分词(V3)。
2. 第一部分:Have you ever… 与 already / yet 等 词。
3. 第二部分:for / since 与 How 。
4. 需与一般 时对比判定。
5. 不规则动词须背齐 3 列(原形 / 过去式 / 过去分词)。
6. 做题顺序:先圈 状语,再选时态。
7. 三大用法:结果、经历、 续。
8. V3 指动词 去分词形式。
9. 总结句:学习路径 = 构成 → 标志词 → 用法 → 与过去时 比。
1. work:过去式 ;过去分词 worked。
2. go:过去式 went;过去分词 。
3. see:过去式 saw;过去分词 。
4. last Friday 常用 过去时。
5. 现在完成时用 / has + V3。
6. 一般过去时把时间「钉死」在 去。
7. read 三形同形,书写最易 。
8. 规则动词 V3 多为动词 + ed。
9. 总结句:复习目的是分清 V2(过去式)与 3(过去分词),二者不可混用。
1. She finished her homework.
2. They visited the museum twice.
3. 否定:I seen the film.
4. 疑问: you ever been to Beijing?
5. He have finished → He finished。
6. 否定在助动词后加 not,主要动词仍用 去分词。
7. Have / Has 提前构成 疑问句。
8. 第三人称单数用 ,不用 have。
9. 总结句:公式 = 主语 + have/has + 3;否定、疑问在助动词上变化。
1. I have lost my keys, so I can't get in now. 表 果影响至今。
2. Have you ever tried Sichuan hotpot? 表 历。
3. She has studied English for six years. 表 续至今。
4. China has built a high-speed rail network. 结果 续到现在。
5. ever 多用于 问句。
6. never 表「 从未」。
7. 经历义不强调「昨天 点」等具体时间。
8. 做题先圈时间状语,再选 态。
9. 总结句:三大用法——结果(影响至今)、经历(ever/never)、 续(for/since)。
1. I have packed my schoolbag.(已经)
2. We haven't finished the report 。(还未)
3. He has left for the hall.(刚刚)
4. Have you been to a river clean-up?(曾经)
5. I have seen such a clear star map.(从未)
6. 肯定句表「已经」一般用 already,不用 在句末。
7. 疑问/否定表「还(未)」用 haven't … ?
8. already 位置常在 have/has 与 V3 间或句末。
9. 总结句:标志词是选现在完成时的 口——already/just 偏肯定,yet 偏否定疑问。
1. you ever visited a science museum?
2. Yes, I .(简短肯定答)
3. No, I 't.(否定答)
4. Have you ever tried live-streaming? 表 历询问。
5. ever 在疑问句中表「 经」。
6. 追问具体时间用 When did you …,为 过去时。
7. 口语句型:Have you ever + 3?
8. 经历问句用 Have you ever…,不用 Do you …
9. 总结句:Have you ever… 问经历;答语 Yes/No + have/has;追问细节转 过去时。
1. I have bought my notebooks.(已完成)
2. I haven't packed my bag 。(还未)
3. Scientists have published new data.(刚刚)
4. We have collected lists, but haven't finished the report 。
5. 写作模板:肯定用 already,否定用 haven't … 。
6. 新学期准备话题常用现在 成时。
7. has 用于第三人称 数主语。
8. 并列句可连接「已完成」与「 完成」。
9. 总结句:写作自检——标志词与时态 致;have/has + V3 不可拆散。
1. She has studied English six years.
2. Our club has planted trees March.
3. for 后接 段时间。
4. since 后接 点或从句。
5. long have astronauts trained? — For many years.
6. × since three years → ✓ three years
7. since 可接从句:since I ed the club。
8. 持续义须用能 时间的延续性动词。
9. 总结句:问持续时间用 How long + have/has + V3;答 for(段)或 since( 点)。
1. We to the museum last Friday.(一般过去时)
2. I have visited the museum times.(经历)
3. He went home at five. 时间钉死在 去。
4. He has gone home. 人现在 在这里。
5. so far 倾向 在完成时。
6. in 2019 倾向 般过去时。
7. 见 yesterday 仍写 have done 应 为过去式。
8. 完成时强调与 在的联系。
9. 总结句:口诀——yesterday/last/ago 钉过去;already/for/since/so far 用 在完成时。
1. I have this bike for five years.(替代 bought)
2. Tom has the novel for ten days.(替代 borrowed)
3. The library has open for two hours.
4. She has in the club since Grade 7.
5. × I have bought … for a year → ✓ I have … for a year
6. 买是一瞬间, 有是一段状态。
7. join → be in 表 员状态延续。
8. 瞬间动词不能直接与 for + 段时间连用。
9. 总结句:for/since 持续义须用延续性动词;buy/borrow/join 等须 换为 have/keep/be in。
1. 几十年来中国取得了非凡进步。
Over the past few decades, China …
2. 截至目前志愿者已清理大量垃圾。So far, volunteers …
3. 乡村图书馆自去年秋开放。The library has … since last autumn.
4. 我从未看过那样动人的展览。I have seen …
5. 段首可用 So far / Since / Over the past … 点题。
6. 仿写中间至少 2 句 have/has + V3 证。
7. 翻译先判三大用法:结果、经历、 续。
8. 第三人称:China has / Young people …
9. 总结句:翻译仿写先圈标志词,再写 have/has + V3;时间状语与时态须 致。
1. 微读中表「与现在相连」用 在完成时。
2. 见 last month 宜用 去式。
3. Many villages have developed … 表持续或 果影响。
4. since 引导从句,主句常用 have/has + 3。
5. already / yet 提示 在完成时。
6. for / since 提示 续义。
7. 语篇填空先圈 间状语。
8. 口诀:have/has + V3;yesterday 用 去式。
9. 总结句:本讲核心——时间状语是选时态的 口;构成 = have/has + V3;持续义注意延续性动词。
根据本讲课堂内容与背诵讲义完成,建议用时 25–35 分钟。答案写在空白处,下节课讲评。
以下为本讲背诵与拓展附录 · 构成 · 用法 · 标志词 · 对比 · 词表 · 口诀
| 句式 | 结构要点 |
|---|---|
| 肯定 | I / You / We / They + have + V3;He / She / It + has + V3 |
| 否定 | haven't / hasn't + V3(助动词否定,主要动词仍用原形分词) |
| 一般疑问 | Have / Has + 主语 + V3 …? |
| 特殊疑问 | 疑问词 + have / has + 主语 + V3 …?(语序与一般疑问相同) |
规则动词过去分词多为 -ed(work → worked → worked);不规则动词必须背第三列。read 三形同形,书写最易错。
做题顺序:时间状语在说什么 → 与「现在」有无关联 → 再写 have/has + done 或一般过去时。
动作虽发生在过去,但结果、状态留到现在。常无具体过去时间点。
I have lost my keys, so I can't get into the house now.
我把钥匙弄丢了,所以现在进不了家门。
China has built the world's largest high-speed rail network, so travel between cities has become much faster.
中国已建成世界最大的高铁网,城际出行因此快了许多。(结果留到现在)
谈人生经历、次数,不强调「昨天几点」。常与 ever / never / before 等连用。
Have you ever tried Sichuan hotpot?
你吃过四川火锅吗?(到现在为止的经历)
Have you ever visited a village where young people have started online shops for local products?
你去过青年回乡开网店的村子吗?(经历 · 乡村振兴)
动作或状态从过去某一时刻一直持续。常与 for / since / How long 连用;动词须能「拖时间」。
She has studied English for six years.
她学英语已经六年了。(持续至今)
Our school has run the green-campus project for three years, and more students have joined the recycling team.
我校绿色校园项目已开展三年,加入回收队的学生越来越多。(持续 · for)
| 词 | 位置与语气 | 例句骨架 |
|---|---|---|
| already | 多用于肯定句,常在中位或句末,表「已经」 | I have already packed my schoolbag. |
| yet | 多用于否定句、疑问句末,表「还(未)」 | We haven't finished the report yet. |
| just | 常在中位,表「刚刚」 | He has just left for the lecture hall. |
| ever | 多用于疑问/否定,经历义「曾经」 | Have you ever been to a river-clean-up? |
| never | 否定经历「从未」 | I have never seen such a clear star map. |
Scientists have just published new data, and the news has already spread on social media.
科学家刚发布新数据,消息已在网络上迅速传开。(just / already)
We haven't finished the report on rural libraries yet, but we have collected over five hundred book lists.
乡村图书馆调研报告还没写完,但已收集五百余份书单。(yet / 已完成部分)
| 词 | 后接什么 | 自问 |
|---|---|---|
| for | 一段时间:for two years, for a week | 「持续了多久?」 |
| since | 起点:since 2023, since Monday, since I joined the club | 「从什么时候起?」(可接从句) |
| How long | 问句:How long have you …? | 答句用 for 或 since 说明长度或起点 |
Our club has planted over 300 trees since March.
我们社团从三月以来已种下 300 多棵树。
Since the rural revitalization policy began, many villages have developed eco-tourism, and local people's lives have improved.
乡村振兴政策实施以来,许多村庄发展生态旅游,当地人民生活明显改善。(since · 延续状态)
How long have astronauts trained for China's space missions? — For many years.
中国航天员为航天任务训练多久了?——许多年了。(How long 问答)
| 时间信号(倾向) | 常用时态 | 判断要点 |
|---|---|---|
| yesterday, last …, … ago, in 2019(已过去的具体点) | 一般过去时 | 时间「钉死在过去」→ 用过去式 |
| already, yet, just, ever, never, for, since, so far | 现在完成时 | 与「现在」仍有联系 |
| 谈「上周那一次」的具体故事 | 一般过去时 | We went to the museum last Friday. |
| 谈「到目前为止」的结果或经历 | 现在完成时 | I have visited the museum twice. |
瞬间动词(buy, borrow, join, open…)不能直接与 for + 两周 连用;要换成能「持续」的状态说法。
| 不宜直接 + for 段时 | 宜改用 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| buy | have | I have had this bike for five years. |
| borrow | keep | Tom has kept the novel for ten days. |
| open(开门动作) | be open | The library has been open for two hours. |
| join | be in / be a member of | She has been in the club since Grade 7. |
记忆:买是一下子,拥有才是一段;开店是一瞬间,开着没关才是一段。
下列句子可用于倡议书、演讲稿、读后续写结尾或课堂口语表达。使用时先圈时间状语(for / since / already / ever / so far),再判断属于「结果 / 经历 / 持续」哪一类。
Over the past few decades, China has made remarkable progress in science, education and people's living standards.
几十年来,中国在科技、教育与民生方面取得了非凡进步。
Young people have shown stronger pride in traditional culture, and more museums have welcomed record numbers of visitors.
年轻人对传统文化自豪感更强,许多博物馆接待了创纪录的参观者。
We have learned from history that a nation grows stronger when its people work hard together.
我们从历史中学到:人民同心奋斗,国家才能更加强大。
So far, volunteers have collected tons of rubbish along the mother river, and clearer water has returned to some sections.
截至目前,志愿者已在母亲河沿岸清理大量垃圾,部分河段清水复现。
New roads and clinics have reached remote villages, so farmers have saved more time when they need medical help.
新路与新诊所走进偏远山村,农民就医省时多了。
Our hometown has attracted young graduates who have taught live-streaming skills to local farmers.
家乡吸引了返乡青年,他们教村民直播带货。
Villagers have protected the wetlands for years, and rare birds have come back every spring.
村民多年保护湿地,珍稀鸟类每年春天都会归来。
The village library has been open since last autumn, and children have borrowed more than two thousand books.
乡村图书馆自去年秋开放,孩子们已借阅两千余册书。(延续 · be open)
China's space team has completed many missions, and their stories have inspired millions of students to study STEM.
中国航天完成多次任务,这些故事激励无数学生投身科技学习。
I have never seen an exhibition as moving as the one about China's high-speed rail and green energy.
我从未看过像「高铁与绿色能源」主题展那样动人的展览。(never · 经历)
The story of Mulan has taught the world that courage and loyalty still matter today.
花木兰的故事告诉世界:勇气与忠诚在今天依然珍贵。
Chinese scientists have developed new seeds that have helped farmers grow more food with less water.
中国科学家培育新良种,帮助农民用更少的水种出更多粮食。
Personally, I believe our generation has shouldered more responsibility to tell China's stories in clear English.
我个人认为,我们这一代肩负了用清晰英语讲好中国故事的更多责任。
If we compare phones with books, reading has trained our minds more deeply than short videos have.
若把手机与书相比,阅读比短视频更能深度训练思维。
Nothing has felt more meaningful than seeing our small project bring real change to a mountain village.
没有什么比看到小项目给山村带来真实改变更有意义。(否定 + 比较级 ≈ 最高含义)
A greener China will not arrive in one day, but every small choice we have made has mattered and will matter even more.
更绿的中国不会一天建成,但我们已做的每个小选择都有意义,并将更有意义。(完成时 + 将来时收束)
左列「一般过去时」例句多含闭合的过去时间;右列「现在完成时」强调与现在相连或经历。对照时重点看时间状语和说话人视角。
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 中文场景 | 一般过去时例句 | 现在完成时例句 |
|---|
对照两列例句时注意时间状语与说话人视角;🔊 按钮仅用于屏幕朗读。