说明文 · 时间轴 · 经验到科学
第 1 页 · 阅读短文
Humans have long tried to predict the weather.
From the hunters of ancient times to today's pilots, predicting rain or shine can shape people's life and make a difference.
In 650 BC, the Babylonians tried to predict the weather based on the appearance of clouds.
Around 340 BC, Aristotle, a famous Greek thinker and scientist, wrote Meteorologica. It introduced the types of weather, such as rain, cloud and lightning. Aristotle believed that there was water, air and fire around the Earth. It was almost 2,000 years before his ideas were replaced by new ones.
By 300 BC in China, a calendar divided the year into 24 festivals gradually, each festival related to a type of weather, like the Rain Water, the Waking of Insects and so on. That was useful for farmers to plan when to plant and harvest.
People used lots of ways to predict the weather over the centuries. You might have heard the expressions like "Red sky at night, sailor's delight", which suggests a red sky in the evening is followed by good weather. This has a basis in science, as does telling wind direction through smoke from the fire. On the other hand, some thought that if sheep crowded together, it meant rain. But there isn't any science behind it.
The science of weather prediction really took off in the 1830s with the invention of the telegraph. It sent messages over hundreds of thousands of miles, so weather maps were drawn up and storm systems were studied.
The next big step came in the 1920s with the invention of the "radiosonde", a balloon carrying weather instruments high above the ground to collect information. Experts took the information and built a picture of the weather over the following few days.
Today, supercomputers are used to take data from the world and process it very fast to work out the weather. For example, they once helped predict where Hurricane Lee, which hit the US and Canada, would land nine days in advance.
第 2 页 · 完成图表（答题）
根据短文填写图表中所缺信息；在 ( 号 ) 后的横线上作答。
Weather prediction has developed from experience to (76).
| In 650 BC | The Babylonians studied the clouds. |
| Around 340 BC | Aristotle formed the ideas about weather. |
| By 300 BC | In China, 24 festivals guided people in (77). |
| Over 2,000 years | People had many ways to predict the weather, like watching the sky, animals and so on. They were (78) scientific. |
| In the 1830s | Telegraph marked the (79) of modern science in predicting the weather. |
| In the 1920s | Radiosonde helped get information at a higher level. |
| Today ▼ | Supercomputers can collect and (80) worldwide data very fast. |
第 3 页 · 答案与详细解析
76 science · 77 farming · 78 partly · 79 beginning · 80 process
图表提示：developed from experience to ___
原文依据：The science of weather prediction really took off in the 1830s.
可接受表述（不少于 3 种）：
图表提示：24 festivals guided people in ___
原文依据：useful for farmers to plan when to plant and harvest.
可接受表述（不少于 3 种）：
图表提示：They were ___ scientific（部分有依据）
原文依据：But there isn't any science behind it. (sheep crowded together)
可接受表述（不少于 3 种）：
图表提示：marked the ___ of modern science
原文依据：Telegraph… took off in the 1830s (modern science).
可接受表述（不少于 3 种）：
图表提示：collect and ___ worldwide data
原文依据：collect and process worldwide data very fast.
可接受表述（不少于 3 种）：