被动语态 Steven's Class
本讲目录

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工坊探秘社 · L14

Passive Voice · 被动语态

第14讲 · 被动语态 · 背诵讲义

第 1–10 页课堂同步填空 · 课后背诵附录

使用方法：① 背公式与口诀 ② 熟读四则故事（工坊 / 发明馆 / 规则辩论 / 校园计划）③ 完成默写线 ④ 对照易错自改。

课堂同步说明：本讲按「定义 → 判定 → 迁移 → 纠错」推进。教师讲到哪一页，学生同步完成该页填空；每页最后 1 题为“总结句”，用于当堂口头复述与板书回扣。

课堂页码核心任务
第 1 页发现被动：承受者作主语，施事可省略
第 2 页掌握 be + 过去分词构成与各时态被动
第 3 页掌握主动 ↔ 被动四步转换
第 4 页掌握 by 短语与省略规则
第 5 页掌握一般过去时被动 was / were + done
第 6 页掌握情态被动 should be + done
第 7 页掌握 made of / from / in 辨析
第 8 页语篇运用：被动语块迁移输出
第 9 页掌握将来与完成被动 will/have been + done
第 10 页综合测试与全讲收官自检
第 1 页

发现导入：承受者与被动

课堂流程

  1. 定义：被动语态强调动作落在谁身上（承受者作主语）。
  2. 判定：先问「谁是承受者？」「句子里谁更重要？」
  3. 迁移：施事者（谁做的）常省略，确需说明时用 by 引出。

讲义填空

1. 被动语态：承受者作 语。

2. 主动：They make phones. → 被动：Phones made.

3. 被动强调动作落在谁 上。

4. 施事者常 略。

5. They made in China.（强调产地）

6. The air badly polluted.

7. 发现式提问：谁是动作 受者？

8. 功能重于形式——强调结果、地点或 则。

9. 总结句：被动语态 = 承受者作主语 + be + 过去分词；施事可省，需要时用 y 引出。

第 2 页

构成：be + 过去分词

课堂流程

  1. 定义：公式 主语 + be + 过去分词（done）。
  2. 判定：be 随主语和时态变化（am/is/are/was/were）。
  3. 纠错：不是原形，也不是 V-ing。

讲义填空

1. 构成：主语 + e + 过去分词。

2. Sky lanterns made of bamboo.

3. The telephone invented in 1876.

4. 纠错：× is ake → ✓ is made

5. 纠错：× will uilt → ✓ will be built

6. 情态被动：should e + done

7. 完成被动：has een + done

8. be 随 语和时态变化。

9. 总结句：被动构成 = be + 3；红线：不漏 be，不用原形或 V-ing。

第 3 页

句型转换：主动与被动

课堂流程

  1. 定义：主动宾语 → 被动主语。
  2. 迁移：四步转换——找宾语 → 变主语 → be + done → by 或省略。
  3. 纠错：be 随新主语变化；保留对应时态结构。

讲义填空

1. 第 1 步：找出主动句 语（承受者）。

2. 第 2 步：宾语 → 被动句 语。

3. 第 3 步：动词 → be + 去分词。

4. 第 4 步：原主语 → y + … 或省略。

5. They make kites. → Kites made.

6. Bell invented the telephone. → The telephone invented by Bell.

7. be 随 主语变化。

8. 情态句：should be / will be / has been + one

9. 总结句：主动转被动四步——宾变主、be + V3、原主语 by 引出或 略。

第 4 页

by 短语与省略

课堂流程

  1. 定义：by 引出施事者（谁做的）。
  2. 判定：强调产地用 in，强调方式用 by hand 等。
  3. 纠错：产地不用 by China → made in China。

讲义填空

1. The telephone was invented y Bell.

2. This ring was made n Thailand.（产地）

3. Kites are made y hand.（方式）

4. by 表 事者。

5. 纠错：× made f China → ✓ made in China

6. 施事不明确时常 略 by 短语。

7. by hand = 用 工制作。

8. 产地介词用 n，不用 by。

9. 总结句：by 引施事可省略；产地用 in，方式用 by hand——made f ≠ made in。

第 5 页

过去时被动

课堂流程

  1. 定义：was / were + 过去分词。
  2. 判定：问时间 When was … invented?
  3. 迁移：发明史、偶然发现等语料。

讲义填空

1. 过去被动：was / ere + done

2. When the telephone invented?

3. Potato chips invented by mistake in 1853.

4. Basketball invented by James Naismith.

5. 单数主语用 as

6. 复数主语用 ere

7. It invented in 1876.

8. 问时间：When was … ? — It was … in …

9. 总结句：过去被动 = was/were + V3；be 与主语 致，后接过去分词。

第 6 页

情态被动

课堂流程

  1. 定义：情态动词 + be + 过去分词。
  2. 判定：should be allowed to 表「应被允许……」
  3. 纠错：情态后漏 be：× should allowed → ✓ should be allowed

讲义填空

1. 情态被动：情态 + e + done

2. Teens be allowed to choose clothes.

3. Sixteen-year-olds not be allowed to drive.

4. teens be allowed to work on weekends?

5. should be allowed o 表「应被允许做……」

6. 纠错：× should llowed → ✓ should be allowed

7. 情态动词后 be 用 形。

8. 规则辩论常用 should …

9. 总结句：情态被动 = 情态 + be + V3；should be allowed to 表应被 许。

第 7 页

made of / from / in

课堂流程

  1. 定义：made of 看得出原材料；made from 形态变化大。
  2. 判定：made in 表产地/地点。
  3. 纠错：of / from / in 不可混用。

讲义填空

1. Shirts made of cotton.（看得出原料）

2. Wine made from grapes.（形态变化）

3. They made in China.（产地）

4. made f = 由……制成（看得出）

5. made rom = 由……制成（看不出）

6. made n = 在……制造

7. Sky lanterns are made f bamboo.

8. 纠错：× made of China → ✓ made n China

9. 总结句：made of 看原料、made from 变形态、made in 表 地——三介词不可混。

第 8 页

语篇运用：被动语块

课堂流程

  1. 迁移：四则故事语块——工坊 / 发明馆 / 规则辩论 / 校园计划。
  2. 判定：阅读中圈被动结构，标 be 与时态。
  3. 纠错：对照易错红线自改。

讲义填空

1. Sky lanterns are made of bamboo and with paper.

2. Paper is folded before it cut with scissors.

3. The air badly polluted in big cities.

4. 语篇三步：圈被动 → 标 be 时态 → 说清 义。

5. 故事 A 主题：传统 艺。

6. 故事 B 主题：发明 。

7. 故事 C 主题：规则 论。

8. 易错：漏 e 是第一大错。

9. 总结句：语篇被动先圈 be + V3，再判时态与意义；写作自检不漏 e。

第 9 页

将来与完成被动

课堂流程

  1. 定义：will be + done；have/has been + done。
  2. 判定：将来问 When will … be …?；完成用 already / yet。
  3. 纠错：will 后须 be；完成被动须 been。

讲义填空

1. 将来被动：will e + done

2. The bridge be built next year.

3. 完成被动：have/has een + done

4. Homework been finished.

5. The work has not finished yet.

6. 纠错：× has finished（被动）→ ✓ has een finished

7. When the new school be opened?

8. been 是 be 的 去分词。

9. 总结句：将来 will be + V3；完成 have/has been + V3——will 与 been 均不可 省。

第 10 页

综合测试

课堂流程

  1. 迁移：综合题覆盖构成、转换、各时态被动与 made of/in。
  2. 判定：每题先标承受者与 be 形式，再写答案。
  3. 纠错：核对后整理错题本——漏 be / be 不一致 / of-in 混用。

讲义填空 · 收官输出

1. 综合测试顺序：承受者 → be 形式 → 3。

2. 被动公式：be + 去分词。

3. 主动转被动：宾变 。

4. 情态：should e allowed to …

5. 产地：made n China

6. 将来：will e built

7. 完成：has een done

8. 错题本三类：漏 be / be 不一致 / f-in 混用。

9. 总结句：被动语态全讲口诀——承受者作主语，be 随主语变，动词用过去分词；by 表施事可省略；情态后 be done；will be / has been 中的 be/been 不 省。

课后作业 · 巩固练习

根据本讲课堂内容与背诵讲义完成，建议用时 25–35 分钟。答案写在空白处，下节课讲评。

A. 单项选择

  1. Sky lanterns of bamboo and paper. A. are made　B. is made　C. made　D. make
  2. The telephone in 1876. A. invented　B. was invented　C. is invented　D. invents
  3. Teenagers to choose their own clothes. A. should allow　B. should be allowed　C. should allowed　D. are allow
  4. The bridge next year. A. will build　B. will be built　C. is built　D. built
  5. Homework yet. A. hasn't finished　B. hasn't been finished　C. didn't finish　D. wasn't finished
  6. Wine grapes. A. is made of　B. is made from　C. is made in　D. makes from

B. 主动改被动

  1. They make phones in China.
    （提示：Phones …）
  2. Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
    （提示：The telephone …）
  3. We will finish the work today.
    （提示：The work …）

C. 改错

  1. The tea is grow in Fujian.
    正确句：
  2. Shirts is made of cotton.
    正确句：
  3. The work has finished already.
    正确句：

D. 用所给词完成句子（翻译）

  1. 电话于 1876 年被发明。
    （所给词：was invented）
  2. 青少年应被允许选自己的衣服。
    （所给词：should be allowed to）

以下为本讲背诵与拓展附录 · 构成 · 四则故事 · 默写 · 口诀

① 构成 · be + 过去分词

主语+ be (am/is/are/was/were)+ 过去分词 (done)

拓展记忆：情态/将来被动里的 be 用原形（should be / will be）；现在完成被动里的 been 是 be 的过去分词（has been / have been）。

时态结构例句
一般现在am/is/are + doneSky lanterns are made of bamboo.
一般过去was/were + doneThe telephone was invented in 1876.
情态情态 + be + doneTeens should be allowed to choose clothes.
一般将来will be + doneThe bridge will be built next year.
现在完成have/has been + doneHomework has been finished.

红线：被动 = be + 过去分词，不是原形，也不是 V-ing。✗ is make → ✓ is made；✗ will built → ✓ will be built；✗ has finished（被动）→ ✓ has been finished

② 意义 · 承受者作主语

强调动作落在谁身上、结果、地点或规则；施事者（谁做的）常省略，确需说明时用 by 引出。

  • They make phones. → Phones are made.（主动 ↔ 被动）
  • They are made in China.（强调产地）
  • The air is badly polluted.

③ 主动 → 被动 · 四步

  1. 找出主动句宾语（承受者）
  2. 宾语 → 被动句主语
  3. 动词 → be + 过去分词（be 随新主语变化）
  4. 原主语 → by + … 或省略

本四步先用于一般现在/过去被动；遇到情态、将来、完成时，要保留对应结构：should be / will be / has been + done。

主动被动
They make kites by hand.Kites are made by hand.
George Crum invented potato chips.Potato chips were invented by George Crum.
Bell invented the telephone.The telephone was invented by Bell.

④ by 短语 · 何时省略

  • The telephone was invented by Bell.（指明发明者）
  • This ring was made in Thailand.（产地 → in，无 by）
  • Kites are made by hand.（by hand 表方式：手工制作，不是“由手发明”）

⑤ 过去时被动 · was / were + done

问时间：When was … invented? — It was invented in …

  • When was the telephone invented?
  • Potato chips were invented by mistake in 1853.
  • The telephone was invented in 1876.
  • Basketball was invented by James Naismith.

⑥ 情态被动 · should be allowed to

  • Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.
  • Sixteen-year-olds should not be allowed to drive.
  • Should teens be allowed to work on weekends?

⑦ made of / from / in

介词用法例句
made of看得出原材料Shirts are made of cotton.
made from形态变化明显Wine is made from grapes.
made in产地/地点They are made in China.

⑧ 一般将来被动 · will be + done

问时间：When will … be …? — It will be … next year / in September.

  • The bridge will be built next year.
  • More trees will be planted next spring.
  • The work won't be finished today.
  • When will the new school be opened?

⑨ 现在完成被动 · have/has been + done

already / yet：强调与现在有联系的结果。

  • Homework has been finished.
  • The work has not been finished yet.
  • Has the classroom been cleaned yet?
  • Many trees have been planted this year.

⑩ 易错红线

  • 漏 be：✗ The tea grown → ✓ The tea is grown
  • be 与主语不一致：✗ Shirts is made → ✓ Shirts are made
  • 用原形/过去式：✗ is make → ✓ is made
  • made of China → ✓ made in China
  • 情态后漏 be：✗ should allowed → ✓ should be allowed
  • 完成被动漏 been：✗ has finished（被动）→ ✓ has been finished
  • 将来被动漏 be：✗ will built → ✓ will be built

⑪ 默写线

看中文写英文；写不出先看本页公式，再回 Page 02～03 复习构成与转换，回 Page 12 复习将来/完成。

1. 天灯由竹子和纸制成。

2. 薯片是偶然发明的。

3. 电话于 1876 年被发明。

4. 青少年应被允许选自己的衣服。

5. 大城市空气被严重污染。

6. 桥将于明年被建好。

7. 作业已经被做完。

8. 这些风筝是在潍坊手工制作的。

9. 这个工作今天不会被完成。

⑫ 口诀

承受者作主语，be 随主语变，动词用过去分词；by 表施事可省略；情态后接 be done；将来 will be done；完成 have/has been done。

背诵出口：能默写 5 个基础句 + 2 个拓展句；能说清 of/from/in 与 by 的区别；能指出 will be 与 has been 中的 be/been 不能省。

故事 A · 传统手工艺

  1. Sky lanterns are made of bamboo and covered with paper.天灯由竹子和纸制成。
  2. Paper is folded before it is cut with scissors.纸先被折好，再被剪出图案。
  3. Clay is shaped by hand and fired at high heat.泥塑被手工塑形后高温烧制。

故事 B · 发明馆

  1. When was the telephone invented? It was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.电话何时被发明？1876年由贝尔发明。
  2. Potato chips were invented by mistake in 1853.薯片于1853年偶然发明。
  3. Printing was invented in China long ago.印刷术很早在中国发明。

故事 C · 规则辩论

  1. Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.青少年应被允许选自己的衣服。
  2. I do not think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive.我认为16岁少年不应被允许开车。
  3. Peter should be allowed to take the test later.应允许彼得晚些参加考试。

故事 D · 校园计划与完成

  1. The bridge will be built next year. More trees will be planted next spring.桥明年将被建好；明年春天将种更多树。
  2. Homework has been finished. The letter has already been sent.作业已做完；信已经寄出。
  3. Many trees have been planted this year. Has the classroom been cleaned yet?今年已种许多树；教室打扫了吗？