定语从句 Steven's Class
本讲目录

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Steven's Class

Relative Clauses

定语从句

先行词 · who / whom / which / that · whose · 介词+which · when / where · 限制/非限制

课堂同步说明：本讲按「定义 → 判定 → 迁移 → 纠错」推进。教师讲到哪一页，学生同步完成该页填空；每页最后 1 题为“总结句”，用于当堂口头复述与板书回扣。

课堂页码核心任务
第 1 页建立定语从句概念，掌握 who / whom 指人
第 2 页who / whom 巩固：判主宾、四步法合并
第 3 页掌握 which / that 指物与 whose 表所属
第 4 页which 巩固：先行词判定与写作迁移
第 5 页掌握介词 + which / when / where
第 6 页介词 + which / when / where 巩固与全讲收官
第 1 页

关系代词 who / whom · 指人

课堂流程

  1. 定义：定语从句修饰名词，关系词紧跟先行词。
  2. 判定：融合四步法——找共同名词 → 写主句 → 写从句删重复 → 选关系词。
  3. 迁移：who 从句中作主语；whom 作宾语且紧跟先行词。

讲义填空

1. 定语从句 = 形容词性 句。

2. 修饰 行词（antecedent）。

3. The man ho is waiting is my father.

4. The teacher hom we met is experienced.

5. who = 人 + 语。

6. whom = 人 + 语。

7. whom 须 跟先行词。

8. 四步法第 4 步：关系词 挨先行词。

9. 总结句：定语从句修饰 词；指人 who 作主语、whom 作宾语，关系词紧跟先行词。

第 2 页

who / whom 巩固练习

课堂流程

  1. 判定：先判从句里关系词是主语还是宾语。
  2. 迁移：指人用 who / whom，不用 which。
  3. 纠错：合并两句练习四步法；定从用陈述语序。

讲义填空

1. Anyone ho breaks the law should be punished.

2. The student hom the teacher likes is sick.

3. 纠错：× The man hich is waiting → who

4. 纠错：× the teacher likes hom 放句末

5. 从句缺主语 → ho

6. 从句缺宾语 → hom

7. 口语中 who 可代 hom 作宾语。

8. 合并：划共同 词。

9. 总结句：指人先判主宾——缺主语 who，缺宾语 whom；定从用 述语序，不用 which 指人。

第 3 页

关系代词 which · 指物

课堂流程

  1. 定义：指物用 which / that，可作主语或宾语。
  2. 判定：whose 表所属，后接名词。
  3. 纠错：人不用 which；物不用 who。

讲义填空

1. The book hich I like is interesting.

2. The building hat stands at the corner is a hotel.

3. which 在从句中可作 语或宾语。

4. The boy hose father is a doctor studies hard.

5. whose = …的（所属）。

6. 纠错：× who father → hose father

7. 指物：which / hat

8. which 作宾语时可 略。

9. 总结句：指物用 which/that；whose 表所属后接 词；人不用 which，物不用 who。

第 4 页

which 巩固练习

课堂流程

  1. 判定：判断先行词是人是物。
  2. 纠错：whose 后必须接名词，不接动词。
  3. 迁移：写作中用于描写事物与阅读话题。

讲义填空

1. The novel hich you recommended is fascinating.

2. The match hich took place yesterday was exciting.

3. AI tools hat help us learn are popular.

4. 先行词是物 → hich / that

5. 纠错：× whose + 词 → whose + 名词

6. which 作主语：The match which ook place …

7. 关系词后不再重复 行词。

8. Harry Potter is a film hich tells …

9. 总结句：选词口诀——人 who/whom，物 hich/that；whose 后必接名词，关系词后不重复先行词。

第 5 页

介词 + which / when / where

课堂流程

  1. 定义：先行词在从句中作状语，介词与先行词义群不拆开。
  2. 判定：时间 on which / when；地点 in which / where。
  3. 纠错：when / where 后不再加时间/地点状语。

讲义填空

1. I will never forget the day hen I gave a speech.

2. The library is a space here we can focus.

3. The stadium n which we played has been rebuilt.

4. on that day → on hich / when

5. in this space → in hich / where

6. 介词与先行词义群 可拆。

7. 纠错：× the place which we live n it → where we live

8. the reason or which …

9. 总结句：先行词在从句中作状语——时间 when / on which，地点 where / in which；介词不 开。

第 6 页

介词 + which / when / where 巩固练习

课堂流程

  1. 判定：prep. + which 与 when / where 二选一，不叠用。
  2. 纠错：reason 用 why 或 for which，不连用。
  3. 迁移：写作自检——先行词是人是物？关系词作何种成分？

讲义填空 · 收官输出

1. Our school provides a stage here we can show talents.

2. High school is a period uring which we grow.

3. The moment t which we won was exciting.

4. 纠错：× why … for which 用。

5. 口诀：介词不拆开，prep.+which 成 家。

6. 时间 hen，地点 where。

7. 与 L12 宾从区分：定从修饰 词。

8. 写作自检：先行词是人是物？关系词作 种成分？

9. 总结句：定语从句全讲口诀——先行词在前、关系词紧跟；人 who/whom，物 which/that，所属 whose；时间 when、地点 where；介词 + which 不 开。

课后作业 · 巩固练习

根据本讲课堂内容与背诵讲义完成，建议用时 25–35 分钟。答案写在空白处，下节课讲评。

A. 单项选择

  1. The man is talking to our teacher is my uncle. A. which　B. who　C. whom　D. whose
  2. The girl we met at the party is very kind. A. who　B. whom　C. which　D. what
  3. This is the book I borrowed from the library. A. who　B. whom　C. which　D. whose
  4. I still remember the day we won the basketball game. A. which　B. where　C. when　D. who
  5. The classroom we study is on the third floor. A. when　B. where　C. who　D. whom
  6. The boy mother is a nurse works hard. A. who　B. whom　C. whose　D. which

B. 合并句子

  1. The man is my father. + He is waiting at the gate.
    （提示关系词：who）
  2. I like the novel. + You recommended the novel.
    （提示关系词：which）
  3. We will never forget that day. + We gave a speech on that day.
    （提示关系词：when）

C. 改错

  1. The student the teacher likes whom is feeling sick.
    正确句：
  2. The place which we live in it is quiet.
    正确句：
  3. The book who I bought yesterday was broken.
    正确句：

D. 用所给词完成句子（翻译）

  1. 物理竞赛得一等奖的那位同学是我的同桌。
    （所给词：who）
  2. 我们学校为我们提供了一个可以展示才华的舞台。
    （所给词：where）

以下为本讲背诵与拓展附录 · 引导词总表 · 语料 · 默写 · 口诀

① 定语从句是什么 · 融合四步法

学习路径：背清四步法与先行词 → 精读②③④引导词 → 对照⑤总表 → 熟读⑥语料 → 完成⑨⑩默写 → 对照⑪口诀。

定语从句 = 形容词性从句：放在名词（先行词）后面，补充说明「是哪一个 / 什么样的」。与宾语从句不同：定语从句修饰名词，关系词紧跟先行词。

  1. 找共同名词（先行词 antecedent）
  2. 写主句到先行词为止
  3. 在先行词后写从句；删去从句中与先行词重复的人/物
  4. 用关系词（who / whom / which / that …）替换被删去的人/物，关系词紧挨先行词

骨架示例

  • 两句：The man is my father. + He is waiting at the gate.
  • 合并：The man who is waiting at the gate is my father.
  • 两句：The teacher is experienced. + We met the teacher yesterday.
  • 合并：The teacher whom we met yesterday is very experienced.

② who / whom（指人）

who · 从句中作主语

从句里缺的是「人 + 做动作的人」→ 用 who

  • The man who is waiting at the gate is my father.
  • People who are exposed to too much stress may get ill.
  • I still remember the teacher who always encouraged me.
  • Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
whom · 从句中作宾语

从句里「人」作动词/介词的宾语 → 用 whom；whom 必须紧接先行词

  • The student whom the teacher likes very much is feeling sick.
  • The teacher whom we met yesterday is very experienced.
  • ✗ The student the teacher likes whom …（whom 不能放在句末当宾语标记）
  • 口语/部分考试：who 代 whom 作宾语也常见

八九年级重点：who = 人 + 主语；whom = 人 + 宾语 + 紧跟先行词。先判断从句里关系词担任的成分，再选词。

③ which / that（指物）· whose（所属）

which / that · 指物

which / that 可作主语或宾语；限制性定语从句中 that 常可换 which

  • Harry Potter is a film which tells the story of a young wizard.
  • The building that stands at the corner is a hotel.
  • The pen which I bought yesterday was broken.
  • The novel which you recommended is fascinating.
whose · 表所属

= …的（人/物均可）；后接名词

  • The boy whose father is a doctor studies hard.
  • This is the school whose library is open on weekends.
  • ✗ who father → ✓ whose father

which 在从句中的成分

成分例句说明
主语 The match which took place yesterday was exciting. which 后接谓语，不能再缺主语
宾语 The pen which I bought yesterday … which 作 bought 的宾语，可省略（口语）
选词 人 → who / whom；物 → which / that；所属 → whose

④ 介词 + which · when · where

先行词在从句中作状语时，介词与先行词构成义群（on the day / in the space），不可拆开 → 介词与 which 一起移到先行词后。

时间 · prep. + which → when
  • on that day → on which / when
  • I will never forget the day when I gave a speech.
  • High school is a period during which we grow rapidly.
  • The graduation day on which we say goodbye is coming.
  • Lack of sleep is the reason for which many teens feel tired.
地点 · prep. + which → where
  • in this space → in which / where
  • The library is a quiet space where we can focus on study.
  • Our school provides a stage where we can show our talents.
  • The stadium in which we used to play has been rebuilt.
  • The moment at which we won the championship was exciting.

when / where 作关系副词，从句中不再出现时间/地点状语；若保留介词短语，则用 prep. + which，不用 when/where 叠床。

⑤ 引导词速查总表

关系词先行词在从句中记忆
who 人 主语 who 当「主」
whom 人 宾语 whom 紧跟先行词
which / that 物（人也可 that） 主语 / 宾语 which 指物
whose 人 / 物 定语（+ 名词） whose = …的
prep. + which 时间 / 地点 / 原因 状语 介词不拆开
when 时间名词 时间状语 = 时间 prep.+which
where 地点名词 地点状语 = 地点 prep.+which

与宾语从句区分：定语从句修饰名词，关系词在名词后；宾语从句作动词宾语，语序为陈述语序（见 L12 讲义）。

⑥ 实用语料库（口语 · 写作 · 本讲话题）

建议抄 8～10 句进积累本；写作中用于人物描写、场景、议论文举例。

口语人物 · 校园
  • The student who won the physics prize is my deskmate.
  • Anyone who wants to join the club should sign up today.
  • The volunteers whom we thanked were very friendly.
写作事物 · 阅读
  • The book which changed my view of science is A Brief History of Time.
  • The science fiction novel which you recommended is fascinating.
  • The exam that we took last week was not too hard.
写作时间 · 地点
  • I will never forget the day when our class won first place.
  • Our high school provides a stage where we can pursue our passions.
  • The old stadium in which we played football has been rebuilt.
健康 · 科技 · 环保
  • People who sleep less than six hours may feel tired in class.
  • The reason for which we recycle is to protect the environment.
  • AI tools that help us learn English are becoming popular.

⑦ 易错红线 · 10 条

  1. The man which is waiting… → The man who is waiting…（人不用 which）
  2. The book who I like… → The book which I like…
  3. The student the teacher likes whom… → The student whom the teacher likes…
  4. The day which I gave a speech（缺介词）→ the day when … / on which …
  5. The place which we live in it → The place where we live（where 后不再加 in it）
  6. The reason why … for which 叠用 → 二选一：why 或 for which
  7. 定语从句用陈述语序，不倒装：who is the man → who helps us
  8. ✗ whose + 动词 → ✓ whose + 名词
  9. 混淆宾从：I know the boy who he is → I know the boy who helped me
  10. 关系词后重复先行词：✗ the book which it … → ✓ the book which …
写作自检：① 先行词是人是物？② 关系词在从句中作主/宾/状？③ whom / prep.+which 是否紧跟先行词？

⑧ 测前自检清单

  1. 能否用四步法把两句话合成带定语从句的一句？
  2. 指人：从句缺主语 → who；缺宾语 → whom（紧跟先行词）。
  3. 指物：which / that；所属 → whose + 名词。
  4. 时间/地点状语：介词不拆开 → prep. + which；或 when / where。
  5. 能区分定语从句（修饰名词）与宾语从句（作动词宾语）。
  6. 辨错题：标出先行词、关系词、从句语序、介词位置。
  7. 合并句练习：先划共同名词，再写关系词。
  8. 阅读：圈关系词，回指找先行词，理解修饰对象。

⑨ 默写区（英译汉 · 6 句）

1. The man who is waiting at the gate is my father.
2. The teacher whom we met yesterday is very experienced.
3. The science fiction novel which you recommended is extremely fascinating.
4. I will never forget the day when I gave a speech in front of the whole school.
5. Our high school provides a broad stage where we can pursue our true passions.
6. The student who won the first prize in the physics competition is my deskmate.

⑩ 默写区（汉译英 · 6 句）

1. 在校门口等候的那位男士是我父亲。（who）
2. 我们昨天见到的那位老师很有经验。（whom）
3. 你推荐的那本科幻小说非常精彩。（which）
4. 我永远不会忘记我在全校面前演讲的那一天。（when）
5. 我们学校为我们提供了一个可以展示才华的优秀平台。（where 或 prep.+which）
6. 物理竞赛得一等奖的那位同学是我的同桌。（who）

背诵口诀 · 一页收束

先行词在前，关系词紧跟；
who 主 whom 宾，which 指物 that 也通行；
whose 表所属，后面名词不能丢；
介词不拆开，prep.+which 成一家；
时间 when 地点 where，定语从句不会慌。

定语从句