表达别人说过的话,常见有两种方式:一是照着原话引用(书面常加引号);二是把意思嵌进自己的叙述里转述。下面全部用中文做判断与选择,建立「谁在说话、谁在转述、信息要不要跟着改」的直觉。
小例子:小明说:「我今天很累。」妈妈对爸爸讲:小明说他今天很累。——听者要分清:累的是小明;转述时「我」常要改成「他」。
—请选择最恰当的一句转述(向旁人转达原话意思):
第 1 页用中文练过「原话 vs 转述」;这里用英语里的术语来命名:直接引语与间接引语(转述)。
直接引语:原话照录,常用引号或引述气泡。
间接引语(转述):把别人的话嵌进「He said that … / She told me that …」里,用从句表达原话内容。
对比示例
以下含例 ①与各拓展例,默认折叠;点击标题展开,可课堂朗读「直接 → 间接」并对照说明。
He said, "I am happy."
→ He said that he was happy.
She said, "I want some water."
→ She said that she wanted some water.
They said, "We will help you."
→ They said that they would help me.
Amy said, "I can swim."
→ Amy said that she could swim.
Mom told me, "You must finish homework first."
→ Mom told me that I had to finish homework first.
The teacher said, "The earth goes around the sun."
→ The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.
Dad said, "I may be late tonight."
→ Dad said that he might be late that night.
| 直接引语里(从句视角) | 间接引语里(常见变化) |
|---|---|
| 一般现在 am/is/are | 一般过去 was/were |
| 一般过去 did / was | 过去完成 had done / had been(初中点到即可) |
| will | would |
| can | could |
| may | might |
例外(常考):客观事实或规律,如 The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun. 从句仍可用一般现在。
先确定话是谁说的,再决定从句主语用 he / she / they…;若原话里有 you,要分清指的是「听者」还是「泛指」,初中题常给清晰语境。
| 直接(Tom 说自己) | 间接 |
|---|---|
| "I am tired." | Tom said that he was tired. |
| "We will help you." | They said that they would help me. |
提示:my/your/his/her 等物主代词也要与新的主语一致。
点击展开查看推荐改法(课堂可先让学生自改再对照)。
She said that she was ready.
He told me that he would come.
Tom said that he was busy.
They said that they were late.
Mom said that she could cook fish.
Ben said that the sun is round.
体会 人称(she) 与 时态(is going to → was going to) 如何随叙述视角与时间变化。
用上一镜 / 下一镜逐幅浏览:左侧为当前镜的放大分镜;右侧先读本镜场景说明,再完成仅与本镜相关的填空(点击虚线空白选词)。
用上一镜 / 下一镜逐幅浏览:左侧为当前镜的放大分镜;右侧先读本镜场景说明,再完成仅与本镜相关的填空(点击虚线空白选词)。
转述者变了,从句里的 I / you / we… 与 my / your… 要跟着叙述视角调整。
主句若为 过去转述动词(如 said / told),从句里的时间常常要往回挪一格;若内容是客观真理或现在仍成立,也可保持原时态(本页已各给例子)。
| 直接引语里(常见时态 / 结构) | 间接引语里(主句为过去 said / told 时常见后移) |
|---|---|
| 一般现在 am / is / are;do / does | 一般过去 was / were;did |
| 现在进行时 am / is / are + v-ing | 过去进行时 was / were + v-ing |
| 现在完成时 have / has + p.p. | 过去完成时 had + p.p. |
| 一般过去时 did;was / were | 过去完成时 had + p.p.;had been(动作先于「说」已发生时常用) |
| will;be going to | would;was / were going to |
| can | could |
| may | might |
| must(表必须、义务) | had to |
例外(常考):客观事实、规律、仍在发生的常态可不后移,如 He said that the sun rises in the east.
自检清单