Steven's Class
Possessives & There be
名词所有格与 There be
所有格 · there is/are · 方位介词 · 写作模板
① 全景知识地图：本讲学什么？
学习目标（从语言能力出发）
| 能力目标 | 学生要能做到 | 巩固方向 |
|---|---|---|
| 识别归属 | 判断“谁的东西”，正确使用 Peter's / parents' / mine / hers。 | 句法与填空练习 |
| 描述存在 | 用 There is / There are 说明某处有什么，并遵守就近原则。 | 句法判断与造句 |
| 定位空间 | 围绕参照物使用 on / under / behind / in front of / next to。 | 阅读与描写 |
| 组织表达 | 写出 5-8 句描述房间/校园/社区的短文。 | 段落写作 |
1. 名词所有格谁的东西？
Peter's / my parents' / Teachers' Day
Peter's / my parents' / Teachers' Day
2. 物主代词后面有没有名词？
my book → mine
her cap → hers
my book → mine
her cap → hers
3. There be某处有什么？
There is/are + 名词 + 地点
There is/are + 名词 + 地点
4. 方位介词在哪里？
on / under / behind / in front of / next to
on / under / behind / in front of / next to
核心判断顺序：先看“谁的”还是“在哪里”，再看空格后有没有名词，最后看 There 后第一个名词。
② 判断流程：怎么想？
| Step | 问题 | 如果是…… | 立即反应 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 题目问“谁的”还是“在哪里”？ | 谁的 | 进入所有格/物主代词判断 |
| 2 | 空格后面有没有名词？ | 有名词 / 无名词 | my/her/our + 名词；mine/hers/ours 单独用 |
| 3 | 句首是否 There？ | There is/are | 看 There 后第一个名词，决定 is/are |
| 4 | 是否出现图片/地图/房间？ | 位置关系 | 先找参照物，再选介词短语 |
一句口诀：先定功能，再看后位；先看最近名词，再找参照物。
③ 名词所有格：Possessive Nouns
| 情况 | 形式 | 判断要点 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 单数人名/名词 | Peter's / Lucy's | 一个人拥有，加 's | This is Peter's bag. |
| 规则复数 | parents' / students' | 已经有 s，只加 ' | Listen to our parents' advice. |
| 节日/机构名称 | Teachers' Day | 一群老师的节日 | September 10th is Teachers' Day. |
The beautiful photo of Jinli is not mine. It is Lucy's.
锦里的漂亮照片不是我的，是 Lucy 的。（所有格 + 物主代词综合）
My parents' room is next to ours.
我父母的房间挨着我们的房间。（复数所有格 + ours）
Ms. Gao's office is next to the library.
高老师的办公室在图书馆旁边。（人名所有格 + 方位）
④ 物主代词：Possessive Pronouns
| 形容词性 | 名词性 | 本质公式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| my + 名词 | mine | mine = my + noun | This book is mine. |
| her + 名词 | hers | hers = her + noun | The red cap is hers. |
| their + 名词 | theirs | theirs = their + noun | The glasses are theirs. |
易错提醒：空格后有名词，用 my/her/our；空格后没有名词，用 mine/hers/ours。
The red cap on the chair is hers.
椅子上的红帽子是她的。（hers 后不再加 cap）
This schoolbag is not mine. It is his.
这个书包不是我的，是他的。（mine / his 都可单独使用）
⑤ There be 与就近原则
| 结构 | 判断方法 | 正确例句 | 易错点 |
|---|---|---|---|
| There is + 单数 | 最近名词是 a/an/单数 | There is a pen on the desk. | 不要看后面还有复数 |
| There are + 复数 | 最近名词是复数 | There are two books under the chair. | books 复数 → are |
| 否定/疑问 | some → any；回答用 there | Is there a library? Yes, there is. | 不用 it is 回答 |
There is a pen and two books on the desk.
桌上有一支笔和两本书。（就近 a pen → is）
There are two books and a pen on the desk.
桌上有两本书和一支笔。（就近 two books → are）
There isn't any milk in the glass.
杯子里没有牛奶。（否定句中常用 any）
⑥ 方位介词核心短语
个人空间
- on Peter's desk
- under the chair
- in my schoolbag
- on her bed
- under my grandparents' table
校园/社区
- in front of the blackboard
- behind the teachers' desk
- between the gym and the library
- across from the bank
- near the post office
写作顺序：物品 + be + 方位介词短语。阅读顺序：先找参照物，再锁定方向词。
A new library is built across from the old school.
新图书馆建在老学校对面。
The keys are in front of Lucy's schoolbag.
钥匙在 Lucy 的书包前面。（方位 + 所有格）
⑦ 30 个方位短语全表
| 个人空间 | 校园布局 | 社区规划 | 长句表达抓手 |
|---|---|---|---|
| on Peter's desk under the chair in my schoolbag on her bed | in front of the blackboard behind the teachers' desk next to the art building in front of the library | near the post office across from the bank between the hotel and the hospital next to the police station | on my sister's desk in front of my house across from the old school |
| under my grandparents' table in the pencil box on the sofa under his dictionary | behind the dining hall next to the sports field between the gym and the library across from the student centre | in front of the supermarket on Bridge Street behind the restaurant near the pay phone | under Tom's chair next to ours in front of Lucy's schoolbag |
⑧ 常见设问与第一反应
| 信号特征 | 常见设问 | 第一反应 | 例题 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 空格后无名词 | my / mine | 选名词性物主代词 | The photo isn't _____. It's hers. |
| 复数名词 + advice/room | parent's / parents' | 先判断是否复数 | our parents' advice |
| There 后多个名词 | is / are | 看最近名词 | There is a pen and two books. |
| 图片/地图/校园 | in / on / under / across from | 先找参照物 | The bank is across from the hotel. |
⑨ 分层练习
A层 · 基础选择
1. The book is not _____. It is Peter's. (my / mine)
2. We should listen to our _____ advice. (parents / parents')
3. There _____ a computer and some books on the desk. (is / are)
4. The cap is _____ the chair. (on / at)
5. My parents' room is next to _____. (our / ours)
B层 · 句子改错
6. This is Peter bag. →
7. There are a desk and two chairs in the room. →
8. The red cap is her. →
C层 · 看图写句（自评）
9. 写一句 There be + 方位：
10. 写一句 所有格/物主代词 + 方位：
参考答案（教师讲评用，打印时不显示）
| 1. mine | 2. parents' | 3. is | 4. on | 5. ours |
| 6. Peter's bag | 7. There is a desk and two chairs in the room. | 8. hers | 9–10. 句子完整、位置与归属清楚即可 |
⑩ 写作输出模板：5-8 句小作文
This is my dream room.
开头：介绍主题。
There is a big desk next to the window.
家具布局：There be + 方位。
A schoolbag is on Peter's bed. It is his.
物品位置 + 归属。
There are some books in my schoolbag.
There are + 复数名词。
I like my room because it is tidy and beautiful.
结尾评价。
| 评分维度 | 满分标准 | 自评分 |
|---|---|---|
| 句数与结构 | 5-8句，有开头、主体、结尾 | ____ / 2 |
| There be | 至少1句正确使用 | ____ / 2 |
| 方位介词 | 至少2个不同方位短语 | ____ / 2 |
| 归属表达 | 至少1个所有格或物主代词 | ____ / 2 |
| 准确性 | 拼写、大小写、标点基本正确 | ____ / 2 |
背诵口诀 · 一页收束
谁的看名词后：有名词用 my/her，无名词用 mine/hers；
复数已有 s 只加撇：parents' room，Teachers' Day；
There 后看最近名词，单数 is、复数 are；
方位先找参照物，on / under / behind / next to 写清楚。
复数已有 s 只加撇：parents' room，Teachers' Day；
There 后看最近名词，单数 is、复数 are；
方位先找参照物，on / under / behind / next to 写清楚。