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定语从句（介词+which/when/where） · Relative Clause 03· ESL 语法教学
介词 + which：时间状语义群不可拆分
观察下面两个简单句：
1. I will never forget the day. 主
2. I gave a speech in front of the whole school on that day. 从
句子的组合（下方动态展示）
提问 1： 这两句话共同描述的对象是什么？
答案 1： the day / that day（先行词指代同一时间）
提问 2： 哪句话是主句？
答案 2： I will never forget the day.
提问 3： 结合所学步骤，将两句话融合为带有定语从句的句子。
答案 3： I will never forget the day which I gave a speech in front of the whole school on.
提问 4： 是否存在不自然或奇怪的地方？
答案 4： 从句中原本的 on that day 是一个完整的时间状语，介词与名词构成固定义群，不宜拆分。
提问 5： on that day 中的 that day 被 which 替换后，on 与 which 分离，应如何修正？
答案 5： 将介词 on 与 which 一起移到先行词之后，保持义群完整：on which
提问 6： on which 在从句中原本充当什么成分？
答案 6： 时间状语（adverbial of time）
学生练习
将下面两句话融合成一句，注意先行词在从句中作状语时介词的处理。
1. High school is a golden period.
2. We grow rapidly both physically and mentally during this period.
句子的组合（融合句）
High school is a golden period during which we grow rapidly both physically and mentally.
Step 1. 找出两句话共同描述的人或事物（common noun / 先行词）。
Step 2. 确定主句和从句。
Step 3. 先写主句直到先行词为止。
Step 4. 在先行词之后完整写出从句。
Step 5. 将主句剩余内容补全。
Step 6. 用 which 替换从句中的 common noun。
Step 7. 被替换的内容在从句中是否作状语？若是，将介词连同 which 一起移动到先行词之后。
思考：关系副词 when 的由来
观察以下两个例句：
1. I will never forget the day on which I gave a speech in front of the whole school.
2. High school is a golden period during which we grow rapidly both physically and mentally.
提问： 这两句中 on which 和 during which 在从句中分别充当什么成分？
答案： 时间状语（adverbial of time）
若定语从句由「介词+关系代词」引导，且该结构在从句中充当时间状语，则可用关系副词 when 替换「介词+which」。
1. I will never forget the day when I gave a speech in front of the whole school.
2. High school is a golden period when we grow rapidly both physically and mentally.
学生练习
请将下面两句话融合，并使用 when 引导定语从句。
1. The time was very peaceful.
2. I lived in the countryside during the time.
答案：
The time during which I lived in the countryside was very peaceful.
或
The time when I lived in the countryside was very peaceful.
介词 + which：地点状语义群不可拆分
观察下面两个简单句：
1. The school library is a quiet space. 主
2. We can fully focus on our exam preparation in this space. 从
句子的组合（下方动态展示）
提问 1： 这两句话共同描述的对象是什么？
答案 1： space / this space（先行词指代同一地点）
提问 2： 哪句话是主句？
答案 2： The school library is a quiet space.
提问 3： 结合所学步骤，将两句话融合为带有定语从句的句子。
答案 3： The school library is a quiet space which we can fully focus on our exam preparation in.
提问 4： 是否存在不自然或奇怪的地方？
答案 4： 从句中原本的 in this space 是一个完整的地点状语，介词与名词构成固定义群，不宜拆分。
提问 5： in this space 中的 this space 被 which 替换后，in 与 which 分离，应如何修正？
答案 5： 将介词 in 与 which 一起移到先行词之后，保持义群完整：in which
提问 6： in which 在从句中原本充当什么成分？
答案 6： 地点状语（adverbial of place）
学生练习
将下面两句话融合成一句，注意先行词在从句中作状语时介词的处理。
1. Our school has provided us with an excellent platform.
2. We can show our hidden talents on this platform.
句子的组合（融合句）
Our school has provided us with an excellent platform on which we can show our hidden talents.
Step 1. 找出两句话共同描述的人或事物（先行词）。
Step 2. 确定主句和从句。
Step 3. 先写主句直到先行词为止。
Step 4. 在先行词之后完整写出从句。
Step 5. 将主句剩余内容补全。
Step 6. 用 which 替换从句中的先行词。
Step 7. 被替换的内容在从句中是否作状语？若是，将介词连同 which 一起移到先行词之后。
思考：关系副词 where 的由来
观察以下两个例句：
1. The school library is a quiet space in which we can fully focus on our exam preparation.
2. Our school has provided us with an excellent platform on which we can show our hidden talents.
提问： 这两句中 in which 和 on which 在从句中分别充当什么成分？
答案： 地点状语（adverbial of place）
若定语从句由「介词+关系代词」引导，且该结构在从句中充当地点状语，则可用关系副词 where 替换「介词+which」。
1. The school library is a quiet space where we can fully focus on our exam preparation.
2. Our school has provided us with an excellent platform where we can show our hidden talents.
学生练习
请将下面两句话融合，并使用 where 或「介词+which」引导定语从句。
1. Our high school provides us with a broad and dynamic stage.
2. We can fully tap our potential and pursue our true passions on this stage.
答案：
Our high school provides us with a broad and dynamic stage where we can fully tap our potential and pursue our true passions.
或
Our high school provides us with a broad and dynamic stage on which we can fully tap our potential and pursue our true passions.
难度思考：which / when / where 的辨析
选择填空，并理解关系词在从句中的语法角色（宾语 vs 状语）的区别。
I really miss the summer vacation _______ we spent in Beijing.
The weekend _______ I devoted to math practice finally paid off in the exam.
Tsinghua University is the dream school _______ many top students want to enter.